Key Sectors of Economic Growth in Kenya Essay

Economic growth is the increase in the amount of the goods and services produced by an economy over time. It is conventionally measured as the percent rate of increase in real gross domestic product i.e. real GDP. In Kenya the key main sectors to achieve economic growth are agriculture which is the mainstay economic growth drivers, energy sector, manufacturing and industry, service sector which is mainly tourism, financial services and banking and also the private sector. All of these sectors are in line with the Kenya Vision 2030, the economic pillar. The key sectors are as discussed below: 1. AGRICULTURE: Agriculture has been the key factor of economic growth of Kenyan economy. It continues to be the key factor that will drive the economic growth of Kenya as it contributes to about 24% of Growth Domestic Product. And for this reason the government should increase budgetary allocation to the agricultural sector up from the Kshs 53.5 billion allocated in National Budget 2012/201 so as to be in line with the Maputo Declaration which requires the budget allocation to agriculture to be atleast 10% of total Government budgets and The government should also subsidize the farm inputs such as fertilizers for the farmers, this will maximize production. Livestock farming also has to be considered. If the government increases funding to the agricultural sector, such occurrences as food shortages, seasonal inflation and unemployment would be curbed if not avoided. Agricultural sector which includes; †¢Livestock sector and dairy farming: The livestock sector provides employment opportunities while also increases income. Kenya exports from hides and skins for leather industry earned Kshs 4 billion. Also reforms need to be made on the Kenya Meat Commission. †¢Fisheries: Kenya earns around Kshs 4 billion from this sector. The sector also employs about 60000 people and also over half a million people depend on this sector for livelihood through trading and fish processing thus thee number of fish processing plants should be increased. 2. TOURISM SECTOR: The service sector of Kenya contributes 63% of Growth Domestic Product and it’s mainly tourism industry which is the country’s principal source of foreign exchange thus the government. The tourism industry along with the government has to take steps to address the security problem and to reverse negative publicity especially after the post-Election Violence of 2007 following disputed General Elections. Such steps among others should include establishing a tourist police and launching marketing campaigns in key tourist origin markets. Former minister of Tourism Najib Balala ran such campaigns in CNN. 3. ENERGY SECTOR: The energy sector an important sector to drive the smooth growth of the economy hence there is need for the Government to put up measures that would help the sector to grow thereby, contributing to the growth of the economy as the sector is depended on by manufacturing and industrial sector and also the agricultural sector. There exists limited power generation and transmission capacity in the country. This is caused by lack of adequate investment in power systems and infrastructure development. This combined with rapid economic growth, new customer connections and unreliable rainfall patterns have caused the current electricity shortage in Kenya. Though Kenya is not natural resource endowed, the natural resources the country can boast of for energy generation are small hydro, geothermal, coal, biogas, tidal waves, solar, wind and recently the oil exploration in Turkana. The government needs to invest heavily in the energy sector so that there is no over reliance on Hydro power. The government should implement a policy to attract private sector investments in the energy sector i.e. the Kenya Private Sector Power Generation Support Project. In doing so it will boost economic growth and in job creation. 4. INDUSTRY AND MANUFACTURING SECTOR: Kenya boast of being the industrialized country in East Africa, the manufacturing sector contributes to about 15% of Growth domestic Product, this percentage doesn’t as the manufacturing sector is hampered by high energy costs, shortages of hydro telemetric power, poor infrastructure and counterfeits products i.e. cheap imports. Industrial and manufacturing sector has become increasingly significant to Kenya economy due to increased urbanization. Most industrial plants are located in urbanized towns which has led to the reason Kenya has three cities i.e. Nairobi, Mombasa and Kisumu; they include food-processing industries such as grain milling, beer production, and sugarcane crushing. These plants contribute significantly to national income as well as generate employment. Also the oil refinery which processes imported crude petroleum into petroleum products, mainly for the domestic market. In addition, a substantial and expanding informal sector engages in small-scale manufacturing of household goods, motor-vehicle parts, and farm implements. 5. FINANCIAL SECTOR AND BANKING: Kenya is East and Central Africa’s hub for financial services. Most of the banking institution and other financial services firms are located in the urban centres as it is considered that urban people have higher income which is not the case, thus innovation and opening of banking sectors should be put in place in rural areas. Such innovations includes mobile banking which where now rural populations have daily access to financial services as most people now own mobile handsets. MPESA is the widely used mobile banking, it is estimated that MPESA has given access financial services to about 75% of the people. Government thus needs to encourage other mobile money transfers such as Tangaza, Yu cash, and Airtel money. In doing so it will create a competitive environment and thus many people will get access to the financial services. The Nairobi Stock Exchange (NSE) ranks fourth in Africa in terms of Market capitalization. Stock markets provide market liquidity that enables implementation of long term projects with long term payoffs thereby promoting a country’s economic growth. Moreover, efficient capital markets not only avail resources to investors, they also facilitate inflow of foreign financial resources into the domestic economy. Government needs to institute reforms in the financial sector as capital market development is an important component of financial sector development and supplements the role of the banking system in economic development. Capital markets assists in price discovery, liquidity provision, reduction in transactions costs, and risk transfer.

Key Success Factors in Online Ventures

The chaotic development of the Internet has left many attempts to route commerce through it stranded. Icons of the brick-and mortar age have often been the most hapless victims, floundering in vain attempts to attract the attention of browsers, and to deliver value. This makes the eminent online success of Office Depot especially worthy of study.The business-to-business model has been especially difficult for middle-aged industrial and corporate buyers to comprehend. Those who have never learnt to write in code feel threatened by the very mention of a web site, and take refuge in the exaggerated risks of buying online (Tillinghast, 2002). The first key success factor of Office Depot lies in the simplicity of design of its web site, requiring no familiarity with computers or programming to place orders, pay for them, and to receive supplies.Office Depot, by virtue of the variety of products and services on offer, tempts customers to become frequent web site visitors (Office Depot, 200 6). Office supplies for coffee are positioned in the upper left quadrant where it is likely to catch first attention. The lay out is inviting, and is bound to generate curiosity and interest even in the minds of skeptical browsers. Overall, Office Depot scores through a web site, which is akin to the shop windows of the most popular retail outlet in the physical world.A third success factor is that Office Depot makes it easy to return goods purchased on incorrect impulses, even arranging to pick them up at the door (Johnson, not dated). This must alleviate natural fears about making buying decisions without seeing and feeling products, and meets most objections of electronic commerce head-on.Office Depot respects customer choice, emphasizing the availability of trusted brands (Office Depot, 2006). Generic products, new brands, and the most established ones such as Hewlett-Packard are offered with even prominence. This is in contrast to the online business forays of some others, whic h are blatant efforts to promote particular brands at the cost of customer degrees of freedom.Broadly, Office Depot has succeeded in online business, because it has put customer needs ahead of technological innovation in electronic communication, ensuring that the Internet serves business needs rather than dictate terms to it.Lessons from the Office Depot Online SuccessConventional marketing promoted the targeting of relatively narrow segments. This made sense as long as a business offered its products and services within the confines of a segregated area. An over-riding feature of the Internet is that the whole world becomes a single market place. Conventional marketing which is highly focused on a spatially limited segment pays the costs of existence on the World Wide Web, but without the attendant market potential and size benefits. We can learn from the success of Office Depot that online marketing has to address clusters (Payne, 2002) rather than narrow segments. Office Depot d efines its customers as enterprises of all sizes, from the small to large corporations, and has combined its Internet foray with international operations. It is therefore able to use the full power of the medium.The Internet makes the Process element of the Marketing Mix (Payne, 2002) a key determinant of success. Office Depot has a prominent promise on the web site of deliveries, without extra charge, within one business day. The enormous planning and investment efforts made to make this promise come true over incredibly large numbers of transactions everyday, has to be appreciated if anyone wishes to repeat the Office Depot success story. Perhaps the facility of the medium makes other enterprises offer commitments which they are not geared to meet, leaving customers disillusioned. There is a large and complex operation of logistics behind the Office Depot success, to keep adequate inventories of such a large number of items within a day’s reach of all customers.The sophisti cation of online business tempts many enterprises to segregate Internet operations from conventional business. A lesson from Office Depot is that the medium should be integrated in to the mainstream in manners which lend synergy (Johnson, not dated). Office Depot treats customers on its web site just as it would if some one walked in to one of their conventional stores.Finally, Office Depot enhances its physical and generic products with useful services (Johnson, not dated). The articles and discussions on small business and commercial resources must be particularly valuable for customers.Competitive Advantage in MarketspaceScale matters in marketspace (Johnson, not dated). Office Depot is successful because of the breadth of its product and service offers, because of the vast territory it serves, and the sheer weight of over a billion dollars of revenue, which is growing rapidly as well. These dimensions act as barriers to new entrants, and strengthen the company’s competiti ve strength from day to day.Marketspace is first about customer needs, and not about the elegance and creativity of software engineers. Other enterprises have web sites with flash, multi-media, and other features which delight programmers, but which take time to load, and can even scare away customers. Web sites should have clear objectives (Tillinghast, 2002), and serve the business, rather than drive it. It is important for enterprises to avoid being overwhelmed by the aura of the Internet, and to keep it tightly within the reins of customer needs.Limits to Online Business Success and the Office Deport ExperienceThere are 5 important limitations to online business in general, and to the foregoing account of the success of Office Depot in this regard: firstly, credit card and related payment frauds plague most electronic commerce ventures. The case does not mention the actual experience of Office Depot in this regard, and even if the company has not suffered any significant losses in this regard, it remains vulnerable for the future.Secondly, products such as copiers and facsimile machines may require considerable product demonstration and after-sales-service, which the online business model is not geared to provide. The decision-making for pins and staples is certainly not the same as for equipment such as filing cabinets: Office Depot runs the risk of building revenues faster in low value-addition lines, as opposed to modern office products of the future.Thirdly, Office Depot has tasted success during the halcyon years of a global economic boom. The serious fixed cost growth which it has encountered in terms of warehousing and logistics could become a serious drag on profitability during a future economic downturn.Fourthly, the practice of offering products in kiosks which are not available or offered online, may rebound on the company. Customers may move away from the company’s web site once they realize that more choice is available in real stores. Finally, the Office Depot experience lacks universal relevance. Many competitors, and companies in other lines of business may realize better returns from conventional business channels, and failures if they copy the high fixed cost and infrastructure-intensive online business model of Office Depot.ReferencesJohnson, W. C. (not dated) Case 13: Office Depot Goes Online-E-Service Quality, publication details not availablePayne, A. (2002) Services Marketing, Prentice-HallTillinghast, T. (2002) Tactical Guide to Internet Marketing, Xlibris CorporationOffice Depot, (2006) Company website, retrieved January 16th 2007 from: http://www.officedepot.com/

American foreign policy Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 3500 words

American foreign policy - Essay Example heir own spheres of influence, thus playing a role in shaping the final outcome within the policy making process. Keeping in line with what Robert Divine had once remarked, â€Å"From the Revolution to the Cold War, Americans have been willing to fight for their interests, their beliefs, and their ambitions† (Divine, 1965, 172), there are clear evidences which suggest that the American foreign policies after the WWII, have roots in its domestic issues, concerns, and interests. Various researches on the subject of US international relations have distinguished 3 specific factors that appear to exert their influences on the foreign policies of the country, especially after the end of the WWII. ... Discussion The official goals of US foreign policies as stated by the government, are "to create a more secure, democratic, and prosperous world for the benefit of the American people and the international community" (US department of state and U.S. Agency for International Development, 2007). While examining the factors that work towards achieving these goals, the first potent question that arises in one’s mind is the fundamental query as to â€Å"who governs?†(Dahl, 1961) This question has been the subject of many studies, related to American politics, and has given rise to many debates within the realms of international relations. The question in the arena of international relations relates to the general attributes of the so called ‘domestic roots’ that help to shape US foreign policies; the democratic aspects in the behaviour of US towards other countries, globally; and whether its national concerns and interests aid in shaping its foreign policies. By seeking an answer to the basic question as to which of these factors actually influence the US government officials the most, would help the reader to understand the determinants of the country’s foreign policies. In this context, we will first examine the 3 main factors considered to have a strong influence in the shaping of US foreign policies. Theories on the nature of the influence of public opinion: Median voter theory contends that the voter preferences for any government policy have a strong influence on the state officials, as these preferences often turn out to be the deciding factor during the electoral results. Various researches and the subsequent

Windowsshopping at Zara Case Study Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 1750 words

Windowsshopping at Zara - Case Study Example Zara is building on a vertically integrated demand and supply chain, while most other textile chains rely on outsourcing and cheap labour. Zara controls most of the steps on the supply-chain; it designs, produces, and distributes itself. (Rose 2001). Zara needs just two weeks to develop a new product get it to stores, compared with a nine-month industry average, and launches around 10,000 new designs each year. If a new design is not sold within a week, it is withdrawn from the shop and a new design is pursued. None of the designs stays on the shop for more than four weeks which encourages the shop's fans to make repeat visits. The business model for the company is based on offering the latest style in a high quality product at a good price. With a creative team of more than 200 professionals, Zara's design process is closely to the public. Zara pays special attention to the design of it stores, its shop windows and interior dcor, and locates them in the best sites of major shopping districts Zara's first outlet in Spain, the store was selling well designed clothes in a modern environment at a price anybody could afford. The in-store displays were kept minimal and the showroom was light and airy, with clean lines and white walls that act as a blank canvas for ad campaigns. Zara's window aimed at attracting the potential customers who will become the ultimate purchaser of the product. To induce them, the displays were made realistic in an expensive method to attract the onlookers. The consumers are made to repeat visits to look at the products displayed before they buy them, as few customers are impulsive buyers. As the customers have wide range of choice products with variable prices they prefer to go around the store to decide the purchase depending upon their budget. Window display and strategic positioning refers to performing different activities than the rivals or the same activities in a different way. While the display model used by Zara itself is often very easy to replicate, technology is essential to creating and enabling novel approaches to business that are defensibly different than rivals and which can be quite difficult for others to copy. Zara stores offer a compelling blend of fashion, quality and price offered in attractive stores in prime locations on premier commercial streets and in upscale shopping centers. The in-house design and production capabilities enable them to offer fresh designs at Zara stores twice a week throughout the year. In the early 1990's, Zara began formulating new type of design and distribution model. By that time it had opened up stores in countries like Europe and U.S.A. (Kotler 2008) Life like models dressed up in various costumes designed by leading fashion designers were kept in the window display. Zara's most unusual strategy was its policy of zero advertising; the company preferred to invest a percentage of revenues in opening new stores instead. The strategy has changed lately with yearly sales advertisements, together with targeted advertisements in papers. The latest technologies with innovations were used to lure the customer in the showrooms. (Barthes 1972). Figure 14 This picture shows the window display of the showroom in Oxford Street, London. It was taken in October 2009. The window display contains models wearing trendy clothes created by the leading fashion d

Eng 121 Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 2

Eng 121 - Essay Example It stimulates too certain physical reactions such as fading of facial appearance, widening of eyes and mouth opening, drying of mouth, raising of eyebrows, quickening of heart rates, increasing of blood pressure, tightening of muscles, redirecting of senses , erecting of skin hairs , nervous responses including shaking of hands etc. One has many fears - fear of death, fear of small creatures and animals like spiders, snakes, lion, tigers etc., heights, water including swimming, mountains, plane riding, driving, violence, the list is endless. Swimming is feared for drowning which may cause much fatal and can take away the life even. Some specific fear occurs as a result of learning in one’s life like, if a child falls in a well or pond and finds very difficult to come out then the child would remain afraid of water until his / her life. Fear sometimes becomes a part of human nature through natural selections like fear from animals, heights, clouds, etc. This human nature fear is also known as preparedness. Some fears occur through historical and cultural influences. Fear from universal truth like fear of death. Fear can be described in degree from mild to extreme and relates with variety of emotional states like anxiety. worry, terror, horror, panic attacks etc. which change the normal behavior. During childhood parents often find very difficult to consol their children that there is actual no fear despite it becomes a part of the life of the child. Childhood fear can have a negative effect on the growth of the child and may sometimes create problems in his / her life. Like other natural fears more peopl e are either fear from swimming or afraid of water. It is natural phenomena that water individual. It is highly recommended to share the fear with others who may not just help the victim in return but can benefit them too. There are many ways or approaches to deal fear:

You Are The Judge Papers Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 1

You Are The Judge Papers - Essay Example Negligence is defined as a failure to act by a person where such an act would have been performed by a reasonable man or a person does something which a reasonable person would not have committed. This act or failure to act subsequently leads to foreseeable harm. The main elements to prove negligence are duty of care being owed; breach of that duty which results in injury to the plaintiff and proximity between the act and the injuries that is the injury caused was a foreseeable consequence of the negligence. It can be seen from the facts that Corrigan was responsible for installing the compass and so a clear duty of care arose between the final user that is Daniel and Corrigan. The breach of duty occurred because as per the facts the compass had not been properly installed. Now the issue that arises is whether an action against Zoom can lead to such a claim for medical costs. Clearly Zoom had a contract with Corrigan and so Corrigan would be a party to this action and so medical costs can be recovered subject to proximity which will now be discussed. The question of proximity would require proving whether it was foreseeable that the faulty compass would lead to Daniel getting lost and being beaten. It can be said that because of the faulty compass it is evident that Daniel would get lost. As for the area that he reached as a result there is a strong possibility of it happening and suffering injury in a high crime area. Thus it can be said that there was proximity. The defence that can be relied upon by Zoom/Corrigan is that the event was unforeseen because even though there was a possibility of getting lost, the injury caused was farfetched. Furthermore they can argue that the plaintiff would have been aware that he was going wrong and so knowingly took the risk. All these arguments are likely to fail and thus Daniel can recover for the medical costs under the head of negligence. The proper defendant for the action can be determined by the

Does nationalism need to be based on ethnic myths of descent Essay

Does nationalism need to be based on ethnic myths of descent - Essay Example Historical process of nationalism will indicate that the nationalism as a process started in the Europe during 19th Century.(Anthony,1993). On a larger scale it attempts to provide the criterion for the creation or ownership of the legitimacy of power over a State by people having certain characteristics. This doctrine therefore indicates that the societies in the world are divided based on the nations each having their own distinctive characteristics and as such the only form of legitimate government can only arise if national self government is imposed over the State. Thus nationalism is necessarily considered as a political ideology which advocates the case of controlling the State by a nation. Since State derives the legitimate obediences it is therefore argued that to wield the control over the population and achieve political legitimacy it is critical that the power must be relocated to a nation to govern the State. (Featherstone,1990) French Revolution is considered as the starting point from where the emergence of strong nationalistic sentiments started to emerge and dominate the political scene of the countries. At this point, it was clearly established that the only sovereign is the nation with the sole power of making laws to its citizens therefore the individuals must show the loyalty to the nation. French Revolution is critical in the sense that it was the turning point to break away the barriers that separated the various regions of the country and united them as a one nation based on single language and culture.

Response Essay Example | Topics and Well Written Essays - 500 words - 30

Response - Essay Example 137–143). During the process of socialization, people learn the language of the culture they are born into as well as the role played in life. Socialization is an important component of personality formation. In as much as much of the human personality is dependent on the human genes, socialization process plays an integral role in modeling a person towards a particular direction by encouraging specific attitudes, beliefs as well as provision of selective process. Successful socialization results in uniformity in the society. When all children receive the same standards of socialization, there is a high likelihood that they will share the same expectations and beliefs. It is crucial for children to learn socialization skills at home or in schools; children are naturally egocentric, implying that they think of themselves as the center of the world at birth. The process of socialization is an important aspect of a child’s life as it enables the child to think of others as well as themselves to be significant and appreciate different roles played by different people in the world. The tendency of egocentrism among newborn children is not negative and is inborn in all human beings; however, for successful operation of children into the society, they must learn to interact with other members in a positive, healthy and productive manner. Preparation of children to become successful adults thus calls upon adults and childhood educators to impart socialization skills, not only in schools but also at homes (Praxis, pp. 1–7). Poor socialization skills among children would most likely result in an unhealthy intimate relationship in adulthood. This can result in unfortunate incidences like peer rejection and involvement in delinquent childhood behaviors. Socialization is thus important since social skills learned in the society helps to keep a child safe as well as enables the maintenance of a healthy

Notes on Anil Essay Example for Free

Notes on Anil Essay However, he sees people outside and discovers the Headman’s brother, Marimuthu hanging a woman, at which he is traumatised. The next day, the body has been taken down and we learn that it is Marimuthu’s wife. However, Marimuthu is pretending that his wife has commited suicide. Anil tells the village the Headman that he saw Marimuthu kill the woman and the Headman goes off to talk to Anil’s father about him. In the next section, we learn that Anil is being sent to school (a great opportunity) but it is so that the Headman can cover up his brother’s actions as a murderer. At the end, both father son explore their decisions and whether they made the right/wrong choice given the consequences. The last scene shows the Headman his brother, the Headman smiling at his brother and the brother showing relief that they got away with it. Form †¢ †¢ Omniscient narrator – allows us to learn the feelings of each of the characters – an overview of the story. Short story bildungsroman: shows the character growing up/maturing when he learns the nature of good/evil and something about morality, â€Å"I will never forget this town and the sin that it buries today. As a child, we believe in right wrong and that sins are punished. However, he learns that there is not always justice in the world, and in fact sin is metaphorically buried. †¢ Epiphany: as above: â€Å"I will never forget this town and the sin that it buries today. † (line 216. ) Structure †¢ †¢ Lines 93-95- powerful visual- cinematic description of the body shocks us- climax shocking so early in the story. Lines 41- 60- the boy’s fears are presented: father, fear of the dark, mosquito, ghosts- writer uses one word lines to reflect the tension, ‘They. Peyi. Pesase. Ghosts. ’- also ‘Dare he? ’- the omniscient narrator draws us into Anil’s mind. Lines 159-160- the second section is used to describe the aftermath where Anil finds himself accusing the murderer, ‘You killed her. ’ We are left on a cliff-hanger as we wonder what the consequences will be, ‘ about this son of yours. ’ See epiphany is form. Lines 198-202- we are now given Ragunathan’s perspective and the writer presents his confused shame as Anil is sent away. †¢ †¢ †¢ Language †¢ Lines 1-14 (opening paragraph): heat is emphasised to create a claustrophobic and confined setting, ‘hot, sweltering’- contrasts with the image of the star Anil watches, ‘a small star shone ’ as his dreams set him apart (omniscient narrator allows us to see Anil’s perspective and draws us to him. ) Lines 21-31- physical details of mother reinforce the heat and discomfort/pain of the setting and their lives, ‘wet patch layers of fat’- a child’s view amuses us ‘Wheee the fly slid down’ but is mixed with the accepted pain/violence/abuse ‘the bruisewhere Appa had hit her. ’ Lines 69- 74- symbolism of the tree- from childish view ‘ a tree that ate little children. ’ To shocking reality ‘They were hanging a woman. Lines 222- end- the worm simile used to describe how Marimuthu views the train/the truth within Anil reflects the relief he feels at having escaped justice- the heat of his wife’s injustice distorts the train and makes the image sinister, but even more sinister to the reader is the ‘shadow of a smile’ which hints that all is under control again. †¢ †¢ †¢ How to use PETER for analysis: P- The writer uses a star at the beginning of the story and after the climax of the murder to highlight Anil’s innocence and isolation, E- ‘silencing the sobs that wracked his little body, as a star shimmered above. ’ T- The repeated symbolism of the star as well as the alliteration of ‘silencing the sobs’ and ‘star shimmered’ E- draws our attention to his vulnerability and perhaps loss of innocence as he witnesses such a crime. R- We cannot help but feel pity for Anil’s character as we share his pain and terror. O- create your own other interpretation here.

Using the plays of Aristophanes Essay Example for Free

Using the plays of Aristophanes Essay Using the plays of Aristophanes (Lysistrata), Sophocles (Oedipus) and Euripides (Medea), we are able to discuss some major themes and concerns present in Greek Drama, such as women, fate, and other underlying themes. One of the most prominent, and perhaps the most controversial themes present in Greek Drama is the position of women in Greek Society. These three writers have different opinions of women, and this is reflected in their plays. Euripides, in Medea, presents a view of women as sex-crazed creatures. This is emphasised by Jason (569-72), when he says: you women/ Have reached a state where, if alls well with your sex-life,/ Youve everything you wish for; but when that goes wrong,/ At once all that is best and noblest turns to gall. Women in Lysistrata add to this view when they exclaim: Ill walk through fire, or anything but to give up sex, never! (166). Furthermore, women are portrayed as inherently dishonest. This is expressed when Medea tells the Chorus: We were born women useless for honest purposes, / But in all kinds of evil, skilled practitioners (407). Women are also presented as emotional rather than rational in their responses to situations. For all the Chorus protests about Medea killing her children, when they actually heard her murdering them, lamented: the miserable mother , cursed, miserable woman (1278), but are so effectively overcome with their emotions that they do not stop her, as perhaps men would have. This attitude towards women is complemented in Oedipus, when Jocasta, instead of waiting to learn the truth, murders herself at her assumption. Another major concern in Greek Drama is the idea about gods and fate. In Medea, there is little intervention of the gods, let alone fate. Medea makes the decision and is responsible for the tragic end which befalls the characters. In contrast, Sophocles Oedipus, present us with a completely different outlook. In the play, almost every aspect is seen to be controlled, in order for the prophecy to be completed. For example, in the play, Oedipus is rescued by a messenger that same messenger who happens to deliver the news that Oedipuss father is dead. Of countless people, it was the same person. Furthermore, Oedipus kills his father, protected by five men, on a lonely road. Is it not ironic, or least unlucky, the Oedipus happened to travel on the same road, and meet, out of all the people, his father who he does not even realise is his father and kills him? Oedipus then arrives at Thebes, his birth place, and solves a riddle which no person has yet been able to solve; he becomes king and marries his mother. Coincidence surely not. Certainly, these examples prove that fate was an all important factor in Greek drama that once a decision has been fated, it can never be changed. Greek Drama, particularly tragedy, also carries a prominent underlying theme Passion over Reason. In Euripides play, Medea is driven by an overwhelming passion to have her revenge that she does not stop to think what she is actually doing. This idea is exaggerated in Oedipus when he blindly pursues his identity, in defiance of warnings from numerous sources including Teiresias, Jocasta and the shepherd. Eventually, this passion over reason leads to his downfall. The theme is also carried through in Lysistrata, although not to such a prominent extent. In the play, the men are at war because they have refused methods of reasoning, and let their passions take control. However, in the play this idea can also be taken in a different sense. The men can be seen to succumb to their sexual passions, and refuse the reasons of going to war. In conclusion, we can see that the plays of these legendary writers reflect some major themes and concerns of Greek Drama. Concerns such as the position of women, the outlook on the gods and underlying themes are all major issues present in the plays.

Analysis of Knowledge Based Economies

Analysis of Knowledge Based Economies DEFINITION AND THEORY OF KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMY â€Å"The weakness or even complete absence,of definition, is actually pervasive in the literature†¦ this is one of the many imprecisions that make the notion of â€Å"knowledge economy† so rhetorical rather than analytically useful† [1] 1. What is Knowledge Economy or Knowledge Based Economy? As Keith Smith puts it rather succinctly, the question itself comes across as rhetorical. There is no dearth of publications, texts or studies on Knowledge economy, but defining it has seldom been the prominent feature of such literature. This may be attributed to the fact that the concepts of knowledge economy or knowledge worker are difficult to pin down. As a report of CERI Washington Forum, June 1999 put it â€Å"the science of describing, understanding, and measuring knowledge will always be an imperfect one. The knowledge identified in this forum turned out to be capricious: sometimes sticky, often slippery, rarely tangible, frequently tacit, and extremely heterogeneous†.[2] This has resulted that the knowledge economy and knowledge worker are often taken as self-evident and in some cases are not tested against hard data. This also then implies that Knowledge is an abstract notion, which is constantly and continual ly being defined. â€Å"Knowledge† is perhaps the simplest of words and yet one of the most cumbersome to explain. This is primarily due to its paradoxically straightforward and simple syntax and yet its profound vastness in terms of its semantics, as its concept has evolved and escalated over millenniums of human existence. Albeit the abstractness and the intangibles associated with knowledge economy, there emerge certain definitions which aid in the understanding of the concept. 2.  Defining Knowledge.â€Å"Knowledge† can briefly be described as a person’s understanding of something or the information he/she has about something. Knowledge is what is known. It is a ‘noun’ that has synonyms, such as ‘cognition’ and ‘noesis’. Like the related concepts of truth, belief, and wisdom, there is no single definition of knowledge on which scholars agree, but rather numerous theories and continued debate exists about the nature of knowledge. In fact â€Å"knowledge† has numerous meanings, as given in dictionary. Oxford Dictionary defines knowledge as awareness, familiarity, facts, information, and skills acquired through experience or education; person’s range of information; or the theoretical or practical understanding of a subject[3]. It is the state of knowing something, the familiarity, awareness or understanding acquired through experience or study, the sum of what has been perceived, discovered or learned, or simply, the specific information about something or someone. Peter F. Drucker has also given a functional definition of knowledge, referring to it as information that changes something or somebody – either by becoming grounds for actions, or by making an individual (or an institution) capable of different or more effective action. But finally, in a more global sense, one might say that knowledge is reliable information that can be put to work in the service of all men, and which can be communicated in comprehensible ways, so that people everywhere can become more self-reliant and self-sufficient. 3.  Knowledge as an Economic Good. It is common knowledge today that disparities in the productivity and growth of different countries have less to do with their lack or abundance of natural resources than with their ability to improve their quality of human resources and other factors of production. The World Development Report 1999 states: ‘For countries in the vanguard of the world economy, the balance between knowledge and resources has shifted so far towards the former that knowledge has become perhaps the most important factor determining the standard of living more than land, than tools, than labour’. Today knowledge and technology are two of the key-factors of production. In fact, knowledge is considered to be the basic form of capital, and economic growth is understood to be driven by the accumulation of knowledge. 4. A knowledge based economy therefore can be defined as an economy that creates, disseminates uses knowledge to enhance its growth development. A country’s success in the knowledge-based economy depends on the creation, acquisition, dissemination application of knowledge. Knowledge creation depends on the intensity of research development (RD) conducted in a country, the availability of human resources needed for RD. 5. Knowledge acquisition is reflected in intellectual content embedded in imports from other knowledge-based economies. Linguistic skills will help to plug into the global knowledge network. Knowledge dissemination depends on the resources allocated to develop information infrastructure, basic information technology (IT) linguistic skills to tap into the information -communication technology (ICT) network. 6. Finally, knowledge application is reflected in an economy’s job market that demands and allows workers to apply knowledge extensively and its ability to create new business models for generating, acquiring, diffusing applying new ideas processes. 7. The best exponent of knowledge economy and its theory has been Peter Drucker. He apparently first used the phrase â€Å"the knowledge economy† in his 1969 book The Age of Discontinuity.[4] Thirty-two years later, still going strong, Drucker wrote in the November 2001 edition of The Economist: ‘The next society will be a knowledge society. Knowledge will be its key resource, and knowledge workers will be the dominant group in its workforce. Its three main characteristics will be:- (a) Borderlessness, because knowledge travels even more effortlessly than money. (b) Upward mobility, available to everyone through easily acquired formal education. (c) The potential for failure as well as success. Anyone can acquire the â€Å"means of production,† i.e., the knowledge required for the job, but not everyone can win.’[5] 8. But because of the varied ways in which knowledge-economy is interpreted, testable definitions of this term are difficult to state. Some more definitions of Knowledge based economies are given below:- (a)  Ã¢â‚¬Å"The idea of the knowledge-driven economy is not just a description of high-tech  industries. It describes a set of new sources of competitive advantage, which can apply  to all sectors, all companies and all regions, from agriculture and retailing to software and biotechnology† – Charles Leadbeater[6] (b)  Ã¢â‚¬ËœWe define the knowledge-economy as production and services based on knowledge intensive activities that contribute to an accelerated pace of technical and scientific advance, as well as rapid obsolescence. The key-component of a knowledge- economy is a greater reliance on intellectual capabilities than on physical inputs or natural resources’- Carlaw, Oxley Walker, 2006.[7] (c)  An economy whose growth momentum and competitive advantage are driven by dynamic investment in intellectual capital and innovative R D, with deep structural, institutional and organizational implications. [8] 9. Reading through these definitions, a few essentials of a knowledge-driven economy become quite clear ie:- (a) Innovation is a permanent feature. (b) It is an economy of networks at different hierarchical levels. (c) It embodies new forms of organization that involve industrial cooperation, polarization and relations between public and private sectors. (d) Human-capital plays a fundamental role, and the capacity to learn is more important that the level of knowledge. (e) Codified and distributed tacit-knowledge is useful. (f) Proliferation of information-related activities is evident in all sectors of the economy. Tratitional versus Knowledge Based Economy.The basic difference between a traditional knowledge-based economy is that the former depends on quantitative factors such as labour, raw materials, premises bulk transportation, among others, whereas the latter relies more on qualitative factors, namely, qualifications, RD good infrastructure. Resource-driven economies sometimes depend on a protectionist environment, whereas knowledge-based economies thrive in a friendly open policy environment, on innovation qualified lab. If the economy means traditionally the science of rarity; resources rarity versus multiple and unlimited needs, the knowledge economy in light of digital technology is an economy of abundance. This is attributed to the fact that knowledge cannot be consumed or exhausted. Rather it multiplies through the transfer to other knowledge. Whereas traditional economy resources are consumables and finite. 10.Pillars of Knowledge based Economy. There are four pillars of a knowledge based economy on it rests, sustains and prospers. These four pillars carry the equal amount of responsibility and are therefore the roots of knowledge based economy. These are:- (a)  Information Infrastructure.It deals with things like effective communication, information processing and spreading knowledge.(World Bank Team 2006) (b)  Economic and Institutional Regime (EIR).It provides benefits in terms of finance for the creation and development of knowledge and also for Knowledge reuse. (c)  Education.This pillar is one of the most important since well educated and skilled people are the main sources for using and creating knowledge effectively. (d)  Innovation.It consists of design, development and diffusion of a technology which is new to society concerned.[9] CHAPTER III KNOWLEDGE BASED ECONOMIES OF THE WORLD AND INDIAN CONTEXT â€Å"Throughout all the years and in everything we do, we have focused most of all on the development of human capacity, beginning with our own professional staff, and leveraging their expertise to enrich the Arab community. We have embraced the concept of the ‘knowledge worker’ and have sought to empower our people and the Arab world’s people to dream, to imagine, and to create.† Talal Abu-Ghazaleh[10] The Singapore Study.â€Å"ALTHOUGH the pace may differ, all [rich] economies are moving towards a knowledge based economy.† The OECD made this claim in 1996 and few disagree.Case in point is Singapore. The Singapore economy grew at an average annual rate of 8.5 % from 1965 to 1997 before the regional financial crisis of 1997-98. It overcame the crisis but then had to reinvent itself in order to meet the challenges of the twenty first century and maintain its record of sustained, rapid growth. Small size clubbed with lack of natural resources brought in critical labour shortages cost rise. This forced an upgrade with focus shifting to knowledge operations. Today Singapore’s status as a most admired knowledge-based city reflects how government policies have successfully negotiated the current global network economy to suit economic changes. Since the independence of Singapore in 1965, the government has successfully deployed technocrats, mainly economists and engineers wh o use their professional and technical skills in government to create and manage economic systems that will further the general good. And government policies at each phase of Singapore’s development have contributed to crafting the Singaporean culture. In recent years, for examples, Singapore’s commitment to knowledge-based economy (KBE) development has won her recognition for being the most admired knowledge city (MAKCi) in the World Capital Institute and Teleos ranking for the two years running in 2007 and 2008. With a population of 5 million and a per capita income of US$48,979[11], the government has successfully funded the growth of industrial parks focused on nurturing innovation in technology and biotech. Singapores universities receive extensive support from the government, helping to make the country an attractive destination for multinationals seeking a well-educated workforce. It has been ranked consistently amongst the top 25 in the World Bank’s Knowledge Economy Index (KEI) in recent years, numbering 23rd in 2012 World Bank comparisons. In a recent survey conducted by its Boston Consulting Group (BCG) consultants, Singapore was featured as one of the world’s most innovation-friendly countries in terms of both inputs (government policies supporting education, workforce quality, infrastructure, and trade) and performance (RD results, business performance, employment growth, and other impacts of innovation). It was ranked as number two in the Global Competitiveness Inde x of the World Economic Forum for 2012 – 2013 behind Switzerland and ahead of Finland, Sweden and the Netherlands[12] and number 4 in the Bloomberg’s Best Countries for doing Business Ratings for 2014[13]. The impressive economic growth record of Singapore in the last four decades has been achieved through continuous industrial re-structuring and technological upgrading (Wong, 2001).Singapore has continuously relied primarily on knowledge transfers through MNCs and foreign talents (Toh et al., 2002). Since the late 1990s, the Singapore government has forged an environment that is conducive to innovations, new discoveries and the creation of new knowledge and one that harnesses the intangibles such as ideas, knowledge and expertise (Ministry of the Arts and Information, Renaissance City Report, 2000). The Singapore experience, however, represents one of few examples of how knowledge can become the driving force of economic growth and transformation. Singapore’s i nformation society development trends have been shaped by its developmental state (Wong, 2004) and in the past decade, the Singapore government is keen to use content and creativity to enter the next wave of development in the so-called ‘creative economy’. [1] Keith Smith. What is the Knowledge Economy? Knowledge Intensity and Distributed Knowledge Bases,  Institute for New Technologies Discussion Paper 2002-6, The United Nations University,  June 2002). [2] John F. Kennedy and Europe by Douglas G. Brinkley and Richard T. Griffiths and Theodore C. Sorensen [3] Oxford Dictionary p 419. [4] Peter F. Drucker, The Age of Discontinuity: Guidelines to Our Changing Society (New York: Harper and Row, 1969). [5] Peter F. Drucker, â€Å"The Next Society,† The Economist (November 1, 2001), http://www.economist.com/node/770819. [6] Charles Leadbeater Welcome to the Knowledge Society, theguardian.com, http://www.theguardian.com/books/2000/feb/01/livingonthinair.extract [7] Beyond The Hype: Intellectual Property And The Knowledge Society/Knowledge Economy Kenneth Carlaw, Les Oxley, Paul Walker, Article first published online: 30 AUG 2006 in ournal of Economic Surveys Volume 20, Issue 4, pages 633–690, September 2006. [8] Business Outlook Michel Henry Bouchet CERAM International Workshop Seminar (2008) [9] http://ratnadholakia.blogspot.in/2010/01/what-is-knowledge-economy.html [10] Talal Abu-Ghazaleh is the chairman and founder of the international Jordan-based organisation, the Talal Abu-Ghazaleh Organization. [11] Singapore Yearbook of Statistics, 2012 [12] WEF: The Global Competitiveness Index Report, 2014-2015, Table 3, page 12. [13] http://www.bloomberg.com/slideshow/2014-01-21/best-countries-for-business-2014.html#slide18

Johnny Got His Gun, by Dalton Trumbo :: essays papers

Johnny Got His Gun War in its self is a tragedy. Experiencing the tragedies of war has a life long impact on ones life. In the novel " Johnny got His Gun" by Dalton Trumbo, Joe Bonham is a victim of war and he is forever changed physicaly, mentally and spiritualy. Through Joe it is evident that the price we pay for war is much to high. All people in life have some sort of basic function. Weather it be a parapaliegic who lives alone, goes to work, has some sort of social life, and is a member of a wheelchair basket ball team or a quadrapaliegic who is incapable of doing much but still communicate with friends and family members. Joe is in a terribly worse situation then any of them. Joe spends his days in a hospital bed. He is incapable of any sort of fuction other than moving his head up and down. He can not speak nor can he eat for he has no mouth nor a face. He must be assisted for thing's that a 3 year old child could probably do on their own like changing close or going to the washroom. This predicament, which Joe finds himself in, causes Joe tremendous mental anguish. "Please I can't. Please no. Somebody come. Help me. I can't lie here forever like this until maybe years from now I die. 1 can't. Nobody can. It isn't possible." (Trumbo 3.64) To try to imagine the mental stress which Joe suffers from is unconceivable to any human being. Joe can not distinguish his memories from his consciencnouss nor can he judge if he is awake or asleep. Joe can not communicate with his keepers which is the worst of all his folies "He kept tapping. He kept on now for another reason aside from the simple desire to speak which had started him out. He kept on tapping because he didn't dare stop he didn't dare think. He didn't have the courage to ask himself so simple a question as how long will it be before the nurse understands what I'm doing."(Trumbo 15.180) this causes Joe the most anguish because all he wants now, in his condition, is to go into the world and show everyone the horrors of war. Joe imagines himself in a schoolhouse recitng this nursery rhyme: "Hickory *censored*ory dock my daddy' nuts from shell shock. Humpty dumpty thought he was wise till gas came along and burned out his eyes.

Essay on Temptation in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight -- Sir Gawain G

Temptation in Sir Gawain and the Green Knight  Ã‚   In the poem "Sir Gawain and the Green Knight," Gawain is a guest at Hautdesert Castle. During his stay at the castle, three separate hunts take place. These hunts also parallel temptations aimed at Gawain by the wife of the Lord of Hautdesert Castle. In each hunt scene, a characteristic of the prey of that hunt is personified in Gawain's defense against the advances of the Lord's wife.   Ã‚  Ã‚   The first temptation of Gawain is perhaps the most difficult for him to defend. This temptation corresponds with the hunt scene involving a deer, In terms of the hunt, the deer is hunted because it is a staple of the diet, or it is something that satisfies a person. In the same manner, the Lord's wife viewed Gawain as art animal that she was hunting. She was pursued him on the sole basis of her carnal desire. This, her first temptation, is totally sexual. She says "Do with me as you will: that well pleases Inc.,/ For I Surrender speedily and sue for grace Which, to my mind, since I must, is much the best Course" (1215-1217-) She is viewing Gawain much as a hunter would view a deer. She has no interest in any kind of relationship, and she is not extensively flirting with him as she does in the next two temptations; she simply wants sex from him, plain and simple. She is, in a sense, "hunting" Gawain; hunting in that she is pursuing Gawain for the sole purpose of making hi m her trophy. If he falls prey to this temptation, then she has slain him. In his reaction to the lady, Gawain acts much like a deer. He first tries to entirely ignore her, but this tactic was unsuccessful. Then, he stealthily avoids her advances, not directly confronting her, but subtly downplaying the magnitude of her ... ...ce comes into play here as well; he accepts this sash as a foxy attempt to outwit the Green Knight in their pending encounter. In accepting this sash, though, Gawain has shown his weakness, cowardice. As a knight, Gawain is supposed to be protected by God alone. By accepting the sash, Gawain has shown that he has lost his faith in God, since lie feels the sash will do a better job in protecting him than God would. While it may be his only weakness, Gawain's cowardice has done him no good in acting as a honorable, God-fearing knight.   Ã‚  Ã‚   In these temptations, it is evident that Gawain was being tested. Knowing the final out come of the story, it is possible to see that Bertilak and his wife planned the hunts and temptations to coincide with each other. Whether this is true or not, Gawain has certainly proven his honor during his brief stay at Hautdesert Castle.

Improving Health Well Being America Health And Social Care Essay

The United States Department of Health and Human Services ( DHHS ) has put into topographic point a strategic program that will assist embrace all facets of wellness and wellbeing. By embracing safety, affordability, quality and handiness of wellness attention in America they have composed a strategic program for the following 3 to 4 yeas that is designed to assist advance, incorporate, and develop better cognition, and an overall support system to assist the communities for which they serve. The DHHS has both short and long term ends that will assist better the lives of teens, kids, grownups, seniors and vulnerable populations so that they can bask economic independency and societal wellbeing. The DHHS has made a point to specifically make out to different cultural minority groups, same sex twosomes, veterans and at-risk kids. They incorporate the mental, physical, religious and psychological elements of wellness attention so that persons and communities likewise can work at their f ullest capacity.Goals and Aims:Goal # 1The ends and visions of the Department of Health and Human Services are all in line with each other and have a instead ‘domino ‘ affect on each other. Their chief focal point is on protection, bar, and result for Americans of all ages and ethnicities. Their first end is to better the safety, quality, affordability and handiness of wellness attention, including behavioural wellness attention and long-run attention. In making so they have besides outlines their four chief aims. They plan on broadening wellness insurance and long-run attention coverage, increasing wellness attention service handiness and handiness, bettering wellness attention quality, safety, cost, and value, and recruiting, developing, and retaining a competent wellness attention work force.[ 1 ]The DHHS Mission Statement:â€Å" The Department of Health and Human Services promotes the physical, societal and emotional wellbeing of the occupants of the United States, in conformity with province and county ordinances. †The DHHS Vision Statement:â€Å" We will be recognized as one of the taking wellness and human services sections in the province. †The DHHS Valuess:CUSTOMER SATISFACTION: â€Å" We believe that the bureau ‘s success is dependent on run intoing our client and community demands and transcending their outlooks. † Choice IMPROVEMENT: â€Å" We believe in uninterrupted plan and service rating that leads to betterment of our procedures and results. † Fiscal RESPONSIBILITY: â€Å" We believe in being responsible stewards of the financial resources of our bureau and guaranting that those clients with the greatest demand are served. † Leadership: â€Å" We believe that staff have the capacity to be effectual leaders and that leading is an indispensable constituent of the success of our bureau. † Teamwork: â€Å" We believe that unfastened communicating and squad decision-making are indispensable for the achievement of our bureau mission and vision. † Organizational Excellence: â€Å" We believe in furthering a work civilization that promotes committedness to the bureau mission and values, pride and common regard among staff and encourages personal growing. †Goal # 2The DHHS 2nd end is to concentrate on public wellness publicity and protection, disease bar, and exigency readiness: Prevent and control disease, hurt, unwellness, and disablement across the lifetime, and protect the populace from infective, occupational, environmental, and terrorist menaces. Their aims include the undermentioned: Preventing the spread of infective diseases, protecting the populace against hurts and environmental menaces, advancing and promote preventative wellness attention, including mental wellness, lifelong healthy behaviours, and recovery, fixing for and respond to natural and manmade catastrophes. 1 Concentrating its displacement on human services, the U.S. Department of Health & A ; Human Services has incorporated the 3rd end into their program of advancing the economic and societal wellbeing of persons, households and communities with a focal point on strength and independency. Their aims include the undermentioned: Promoting the economic independency and societal wellbeing of persons and households across the lifetime. Protecting the safety and further the wellbeing of kids and young person, and promoting the development of strong, healthy, and supportive communities, and turn toing the demands, strengths, and abilities of vulnerable populations.1 The U.S. Department of Health & A ; Human Services are in conclusion seeking to concentrate their attempts on scientific research and development by progressing scientific and biomedical research and development related to wellness and human services. Their aims include Strengthening the pool of qualified wellness and behavioural scientific discipline research workers. Increasing basic scientific cognition to better human wellness and human development. Conducting and supervising applied research to better wellness and wellbeing, and eventually, pass oning and reassigning research consequences into clinical, public wellness, and human service pattern. 1Internal Analysis: Healthy Peoples 2010The U.S. Department of Health & A ; Human Services takes the thought of partnerships really earnestly. They have aligned themselves with assorted wellness organisations in such a manner that they about appear to hold a monopoly in the large universe of public wellness. In making so, they have form ed strong partnerships with the Office of the Secretary, The Administration for Children & A ; Families, The Administration on Aging, The Agency for Healthcare Research & A ; Quality, The Agency for Toxic Substances & A ; Disease Registry, The Centers for Disease Control & A ; Prevention, and of class the Centers for Medicare & A ; Medicaid Services.1 This confederation helps give them the competitory advantage that they need on a national degree. This allows them to raise the saloon high and set the criterions of US health care today. They are to a great extent involved in policy devising and turn overing out programs to advance fitter persons in all metropoliss, at all ages and their strategic program incorporates their ill-famed Healthy People 2010 scheme. In this 5 twelvemonth program, the DHHS programs on puting forth a set of disease bar and wellness publicity aims for the State to accomplish over the first decennary of the new century. Overarching ends are to increase quality and old ages of healthy life and extinguish wellness disparities.1One on One: An Interview with the Planning Dept.In an interview with Audrey Mirsky-Ashby, from the DHHS Department of Planning and Evaluations, she stated that, â€Å" all of our advancement must continually be evaluated and re-evaluated on a annual footing. We report to the secretary general on our advancement in these one twelvemonth increases. † When inquiring what their long term and short term ends were she provided me with a nexus to their 2009 high spots which outlined one time once more their mission to heighten the wellness and wellbeing of Americans by supplying for affectional wellness and human services and by furthering strong, prolonging progresss in the scientific disciplines implicit in medical specialty, public wellness and societal services.2 Ms. Mirsky-Ashby besides stated the â€Å" importance of remaining in line with our strategic program by printing all budget paperss, strategic ends an d what we have accomplished and the steps we ‘ve reported on. † Knowing that their strategic program covers FY 2007-FY2012, when asked what she feels their advancement has been therefore far after about 2 old ages into their program, she stated â€Å" we ever advise people to look at the secretary general ‘s executive statement to reply that inquiry. † Ms. Mirsky-Ashby feels that â€Å" we are right in line where we should be. † When asked about competition and where she feels the DHHS stands in a competitory market construction, she stated she â€Å" did n't experience she was the right individual to reply that inquiry † but mentioned that â€Å" at the DHHS we have over 300 authorities run wellness plans and that in relation to other smaller authorities wellness bureaus they have a $ 700 billion budget and that, entirely, is difficult to vie against. † When asked to notice on the mission statement of the organisation, Ms. Mirsky-Ashby said that â€Å" the DHHS strategic program by jurisprudence must reflect their mission statement. † When thanking her for the interview she claimed she felt our inquiries were â€Å" more geared toward private health care organisations, non public/government-run 1s. † As anyone can see the Department of Health and Human Services had carefully followed its strategic program merely like the Zuckerman theoretical accounts suggests in its Objectives subdivision of the trigon ( pyramid ) , they have analyzed their short term ends twelvemonth by twelvemonth and maintained a mensurable, realistic manner. The Healthy Peoples 2010 enterprise is a nice half manner meeting point for the DHHS to assist supervise advancement in the center of their strategic program because it falls right between 2007 and 2012. Healthy People 2010 contains 467 aims in 28 different countries. These focus countries are watched under two chief ends: to increase quality and old ages of wellness life, and to extinguish wellness disparities.3 This helps supply a set of indexs to assist place an country necessitating wellness betterments, and even discusses how to run into those ends. For illustration this peculiar focal point country of baccy usage has 2 indexs: to cut down coffin na il smoke in teens by 20 % by the twelvemonth 2010, and in grownups by 12 % . This would fall under the Action class in the Zuckerman text.4External Analysis: What about Alternate Medicine?Unfortunately no where in the DHHS strategic program does it advert anything about alternate therapies for health care, like stylostixis, or any sort of support specifically allocated towards any type of alternative/ complimentary medical specialty therapies or services. It is these services that are normally non covered by Medicaid or Medicare. These services have been long ignored by authorities bureaus and are contending an acclivitous conflict with the pharmaceutical industry. The strategic program lacks any sort of impressions or thoughts in relation to preventative attention through cheaper steps, like vitamins, supplementation, anti-aging, hormone replacing therapies, optical maser therapies etc. Some might reason that this type of â€Å" ancient eastern medical specialty † is a waste of authorities support and surveies sing these therapies are unneeded. However these therapies can assist bring around some of the implicit in causes of malignant neoplastic diseases, aging, and neurological diseases. In an article in Life Extension magazine, the Food and Drug Administration ( portion of the DHHS ) halted all surveies on DMSO ( dimethyl sulfoxide ) an cheap compound that demonstrates powerful anti-inflammatory and analgetic belongingss shown to alleviate musculoskeletal and urinary conditions, ulcerative inflammatory bowel disease, herpes, Down ‘s syndrome, arthritis, and may even assist prevent malignant neoplastic disease and Alzheimer's.5 It is things like this that the DHHS wo n't apportion support for. The article suggests that perchance one ground the authorities withholds funding for research is because pharmaceutical and biotech companies do n't see any profitableness in it and are coercing authorities bureaus, with their heavy anteroom in Washington, to keep back support. These state of affairss are coercing eager patients to turn to the cyberspace and the â€Å" black market † for drugs like these. It has been wondered if the DHHS and authorities bureaus are n't taking the alternate medical specialty community earnestly, and in the article Dr Jacob explains that, â€Å" a given drug or medical specialty will handle a given disease or more, but a curative rule is an wholly new construct in therapy. â€Å" 6 Some say the authorities is afraid of alteration, and ca n't see the bigger image, but this one illustration of a drug unavailable to most patients should assist the DHHS see the value and look past the short-sidedness of its long term preventive benefits.Decision: They ‘ve got it Covered!The Department of Health and Human Services truly has a ‘leg up ‘ on any competition that would of all time come their manner. They have gone far beyond covering the merely issues confronting public wellness today . They have accurately followed, evaluated and monitored the patterned advance of their 5 twelvemonth strategic program. They are non afraid to shut the spread between health care and accessing it at all degrees. They have implemented plans for all ages, races, faiths and even at-risk and vulnerable populations to assist them be more educated in their health care picks. Their Mission and vision for today is all embracing and touches on how to better wellness and safety for all populations to assist guarantee that no 1 is left behind in their strive to better the wellness safety and wellbeing of America.AAAA

Important Wealth Tax Cases Law for Ca Final Dt Nov 2011

Wealth Tax FOR NOV 2011 EXAM 2011 – TMI – 203374 – PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT Rajiv Kumar. Versus Commissioner of Wealth Tax. Urban land – Agricultural land – the matter is covered against the assessee by order of this Court dated 8. 9. 2003 in W. T. A. No. 1 of 2003 in Jagraj Singh Mann v. CWT, Patiala & another – Decided against the assessee †¦. †¦.. 04. 1993 for charging the wealth tax? iii) Whether the order is sustainable by not appreciating that as per Article 246 r. w. List-1 of 7th Scheduled Item No. 6 the tax on the capital value of agricultural lands can not be levied by the Parliament and hence the interpretation rendered is unconstitutional? † Learned counsel for the assessee fairly states that the matter is covered against the assessee by order of this Court dated 8. 9. 2003 in W. T. A. No. 1 of 2003 in Jagraj Singh Mann v. CWT, Patiala & another. Accordingly, these appeals are dismissed. A photocopy of this or der be placed on the file of each connected case. 2011 – TMI – 203338 – PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT Commissioner of Wealth Tax. Versus S/Shri Kulbir Singh & Rajinder Singh. Assets u/c 2(ea)- The appeal of the Revenue by ignoring that under the provisions of section 2(ea) of the Wealth-tax Act the urban land is included in the definition of ‘assets’ w. e. f. 01. 04. 1993 and on merits the value of such urban land was taxable – The Assessing Officer included the agricultural†¦. †¦.. with the judgment of the Full Bench of this Court. 5. On merits, view has already been taken in favour of the revenue by order passed today in W. T. A. No. 31 of 2010 Tara Singh v. Commissioner of Wealth Tax etc. 6. In view of judgment of Full Bench of this Court in M/s Varindera Construction Co. Baghapurana, we are of the view that the impugned order of the Tribunal cannot be sustained and the same is set aside. The matter is remanded to the Tribunal for fresh decision on merits. It is made clear that if the assessee is aggrieved by this order, they will be at liberty to approach this Court. The appeal is disposed of. 2011 – TMI – 203319 – PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT Smt. Surinder Kaur. Versus The Commissioner of Wealth Tax & another. Assets u/s 2(ea)- Agricultural Land of which agricultural operation were being carried out – Hence, the matter is covered against the assessee by order of this Court dated 8. . 2003 in Jagraj Singh Mann v. CWT, Patiala & another – Accordingly, these appeals are dismissed†¦. †¦.. stantial question of law:- â€Å"i) Whether in the facts and circumstances of the case, the Income Tax Appellate Tribunal was right in law in holding that the Section 2(ea) of the Wealth Tax Act would include the Agricultu ral Land of the Appellant of which agricultural operation were being carried out? † Learned counsel for the assessee fairly states that the matter is covered against the assessee by order of this Court dated 8. 9. 2003 in W. T. A. No. 1 of 2003 in Jagraj Singh Mann v. CWT, Patiala & another. Accordingly, these appeals are dismissed. A photocopy of this order be placed on the file of each connected case. 2011 – TMI – 203253 – PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT Commissioner of Wealth Tax. Versus S/Shri Kulbir Singh & Rajinder Singh. Assets u/s 2(ea)- The Assessing Officer included the agricultural land falling under the definition of ‘Urban land’ and ‘asset’ under Section 2(ea) for assessment under the Act – CIT(A) deleted the addition – ITAT refused to entertain the appeal on the ground that amount is small – Held that: – the†¦. †¦.. ith the judgment of the Full Bench of this Court. 5. On merits, view has already been taken in favour of the revenue by order passed today in W. T. A. No. 31 of 2010 Tara Singh v. Commissioner of Wealth Tax etc. 6. In view of judgment of Full Bench of this Court in M/s Varindera Construction Co. Baghapurana, we are of the view that the impu gned order of the Tribunal cannot be sustained and the same is set aside. The matter is remanded to the Tribunal for fresh decision on merits. It is made clear that if the assessee is aggrieved by this order, they will be at liberty to approach this Court. The appeal is disposed of. 2011 – TMI – 203386 – DELHI HIGH COURT Commissioner of Wealth-tax Delhi-VI Versus Motor & General Finance Ltd. Assessement – (a) Whether on the facts and circumstances of this case, is it mandatory to issue notice under section 16(5) of the Wealth-tax Act before passing best judgment assessment in case where return was not filed pursuant to notice under section 16(4) of the Act? (b) Whether no notice unde†¦. †¦.. f the relevant year has gone through various rounds of litigation before the authorities below because of no fault of the revenue. 2. In view of our above discussion we answer question (a) in the negative that where return was not filed pursuant to notice under section 16(4) of the Act, no further notice was mandatory under section 16(5) prior to passing of best judgment assessment. We answer the second question in affirmative in the sense that where notice under sub-section (4) of section 16 had already been i ssued, no notice was required to be issued in view of second proviso to section 16(5). Both the appeals are disposed of accordingly. 011 – TMI – 203069 – DELHI HIGH COURT Commissioner of Wealth-tax Versus. Motor and General Finance Limited U/s 17 of the Wealth-tax Act, 1957 – The assessee is in receipt of amount from various properties and had shown rental receipts of Rs. 6,14,36,188 (assessment year 1997-98) and Rs. 2,34,18,846 (assessment 1998-99) – The assessee had not filed the wealth-tax returns for these years and there being t†¦. †¦.. levant year has gone through various rounds of litigation before the authorities below because of no fault of the Revenue. 22. In view of our above discussion we answer question (a) in the negative that where the return was not filed pursuant to notice under section 16(4) of the Act, no further notice was mandatory under section 16(5) prior to passing of best judgment assessment. We answer the second question in the affirmative in the sense that where notice under sub-section (4) of section 16 had already been issued, no notice was required to be issued in view of the second proviso to section 16(5). Both appeals are disposed of accordingly. 2011 – TMI – 202991 – ALLAHABAD HIGH COURT Commissioner Of Income Tax Versus Late Sri Salekh Chand Through Legal Heirs Smt. Uma Rani& Ors Whether asset to be assessed in the hands of each of the co-owners separately and not in the hands of A. O. P. – similar questions were referred in Wealth Tax Reference No. 134 of 1999 which were answered in affirmative i. e. in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue – matter remanded to Tribuna†¦. †¦.. ) (b) of the W. T. Act are applicable in this case rather than Section 21-AA? 3.? Assessment Years 1986-1987 and 1987-1988? re involved in all these references. 4. The counsel for the parties also state that similar questions were referred in Wealth Tax Reference No. 134 of 1999 which were answered in affirmative i. e. in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue on 12. 7. 2007. 5. In view of the answer given therein, we also answer the questions referred to us in affirmative i. e. in favour of the assessee and against the Revenue. 6. Let our opinion be s ent back to the Tribunal for passing appropriate orders. 2011 – TMI – 203435 – PUNJAB AND HARYANA HIGH COURT Commissioner of Wealth-tax Versus Shri Charanjit Singh (HUF) Agricultural land – beyond municipal limits – the land measuring 66 kanals 2 Maras is situated beyond the notified distance of 3 kms from municipal limit and as such it is not asset chargeable to wealth-tax with in the meaning of clause (ea) of section 2 †¦. †¦.. he CWT(A) and the Tribunal have concurrently recorded a finding of fact that the land in question was beyond the notified distance from the municipal limits, the fact remains that in the case of brother of the respondent-assessee, the revenue has accepted the finding of the CWT(A). . In view of above, we do not find any ground to hold the finding of the Tribunal to be perverse. The question No. 1 has, thus, to be answered against the revenue and in favour of the matter has been decided in favour of the assessee in the order mentioned above, the said question has also to be answered against the revenue. Accordingly, the appeal is dismissed. 2 011 – TMI – 203105 – HIMACHAL PRADESH HIGH COURT Commissioner of Wealth Tax Versus. M/s. H. P. Small Industries & Export Corp. Assets u/s 2(ea) – The assessee which is the State Small Industries and Export Corporation was allotted some land by the State – The assessee constructed sheds on this land and rented out the same to industrialists – The Assessee in its return of income included the rents received on account of t†¦. †¦.. never raised before any of the authorities below and further more we are of the view that the words of clause (iii) of Section 2(ea) indicate that the house to be exempt must be in the occupation of the ssessee for the purpose of any business or profession carried on by him. Keeping in view the language of the Section it cannot be said that the assessee was in possession through the tenants. In view of the above discussion, the questions are answered in favour of the Revenue and against the Assessee. The order of the Tribunal is set-aside and the order of the Assessing Officer as confirmed by the Commissioner (Appeal) is restored. No costs. GANESANRAMAN CA FINAL CHENNAI

Twilight vs Trueblood

The point of this essay is to show the many similarities and differences of Twilight and True Blood. Vampires, how many different stories have you heard about these creatures. Do movies and Television shows differentiate on these creatures? In this essay I will be discuss only two of these vampires, Edward Cullen and Bill Compton. While they are both vampires and share some similarities, most of the story line of these two stories is completely different. From a human drinking vampire who has bottles of True Blood, to a vegan vampire who only consumes animal blood.Then I will discuss the way that both of the characters, as vampires, die. Finally I will bring up some common myths that these two charters have proven incorrect. This will prove that no two stories about vampires are exactly the same. Are you aware of the many similarities and differences of Twilight and True Blood? What sets them apart? Are they alike? If so what do these two have in common? In this essay we will look at the differences of these two vampire movies and what the two have in common and discover what it is that makes these two things different.And what do these two have in common Note: This essay will explore the movie film and television versions of these two stories that are based on books by Stephanie Meyer and Charmaine Harris. There could be differences between the written material and their screen adaptations. Twilight is based on a vampire named Edward Cullen that tries to keep from killing or drinking from humans and ends up falling in love with a girl called Bella Swan at the high school where he is trying to pass himself off as a teenager.There are three main things that set Edward and his family apart from other vampires. These make the vampires of these stories different. The three things are that he has a coven that stays awake during the day, he is fine with sunlight exposure, and did I mention that he is a vegan. Edward Cullen is in a coven also called the tribunal. This is what governs the decisions for Edward and his family of vampires. The coven can control the rules over all the vampire including Edward and his family.Some of those rules are; that’s enforced are no problems with the exposure to direct sunlight, no biting or drinking of any kind of humans and only kill the animals you eat once a month. Edward and his family differ also because of the different powers that they all possess. Edward has the power to read people’s minds, his sister Alice can see the future and jasper can control emotions. These are only three of the family members; there are nine in his family. When Edward or any of his family members are exposed to the sun, they do not react the same way as other stories portray.Most of the time a vampire will burst in to gigantic flames killing themselves in a slow painful death. These vampires however do something else instead. When Edward or a family member goes out in the sunlight, they do not immediately burst in to flames, their skin is different. The skin of Edward or his family members instead looks like it is made out of thousands of diamonds. Edward and his family do not drink from humans, making them vegans. Instead they drink from the blood of animals such as cougars, bears, and deer’s.Edward and his family do not want to kill; this is what sets them apart from other vampires in this story. In the story vegans are considered traitors to the other vampires. The reason for why Edward and his family are vegan’s, is because he and his family have made a peace treaty with the werewolves who live on the same land. True Blood is based on vampires who have â€Å"came out of the closet† and gone public with society and now live amongst us known. Because of the public knowledge of their existence, they were able to manufacture True Blood, a diet supplement of blood in bottles.This could be purchased at any store or bars across the US. While true blood is acceptable, vampir es truly like human blood still. This essay is about one of the vampires in general, Bill Compton. He is one of the main characters in the first and second season. He too had a government, but it was much more royal than that of Edwards. A king and queen of the vampires had a chain of command with sheriff that had borders of land to maintain. He also differed from Edward in the risks of death, as they are more common to most vampire stories.He unlike Edward and his family drank or at the very least tried to drink the True Blood. He does not like the notion of killing so instead drinks true blood. This is a synthetic blood, which is a form of blood that’s porous was to be a replacement for the blood of humans. Bill is on this diet of this fake blood. The True Blood universe unlike that of twilight is much more diverse as there are vampires, witches, shape shifters, werewolves, were panthers and even fairies, and other magical beings that live in this world. In Twilight, there' s only werewolves and vampires.Like most of the stories you hear about vampires there is risk in his death if bill goes out into the sun he will burn. Another thing that is different from the vampires in twilight is that they can be hurt by silver this is something new as this is normally found in the stories that tell of werewolf lore and not that of vampire. So in conclusion to this these are the similarities and differences of Twilight and True Blood. True Blood is the in a way the adult version of Twilight there is a lot more things in true blood that are meant for a more mature audience then twilight.There's a lot of violence and sex in True Blood. Twilight is pretty chaste and tame with the sensuality, but there is plenty of violence, though not as gory as that one might find in True Blood. True Blood tends to go more to the horror side; Twilight goes more to the fantasy side. The True Blood universe is much more diverse. There's vampires, witches, shape shifters, werewolves, were panthers and even fairies. As far as charters go one of True Blood‘s best characters is Lafayette. He is a classic, sassy gay male that died in the book. ow that you can tell them apart you can now go and compare these to other different vampire horror movies and see what sets these apart from others of our time. There are two main vampires Edward Cullen and Bill Compton. These two vampires have many differences a as they do have some similarities. They both drink blood but have different lifestyle choses. They both can die, however in different ways. As always there will be myths and urban legends about vampires. From feeding habits and sleeping habits theses are only some of the many myths that are out there that I have chosen to write about.

Kerja Kursus Addmath

Not forgotten my parent's for providing everything, such as money, to buy anything that are related to this project work and their advise, purport which are the most needed for this project. Internet, books, computers and all that. They also supported me and encouraged me to complete this task so that I will not procrastinate in doing it. Beside that My father teacher at SMS Mat Kills , Kanata Pang, Tn HAJJ Mood Rosalie bin Seine for sharing ideas to ensure our task will finish completely. Then I would like to thank my teacher, for guiding me and my friends throughout this project.We had some difficulties in doing this task, but she taught us patiently until we knew what to do. She tried and tried to teach us until we understand what we supposed to do with the project work.. Last but not least, my friends who were doing this project with me and sharing our ideas. They were helpful that when we combined and discussed together, we had OBJECTIVES The aims of carrying out this project wo rk are: to apply and adapt a variety of problem-solving strategies to solve problems. To improve thinking skills. To promote effective mathematical communication. O develop mathematical knowledge through problem solving that increases students' interest and confidence. In a way to use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas precisely. O provide learning environment that stimulates and enhances effective learning. To develop positive attitude towards mathematics INTRODUCTION As a student who takes Additional Mathematics in SUMP, I am required to carry out a project work. This year the Curriculum Development Division, Ministry of Education has prepared two tasks for me.I need to choose one project based on my interest. This project can be done in groups or individually but the students are required to submit an individually written report. Upon completion of the Additional Mathematics Project Work, we are able to gain valuable experiences and able to: Apply and adapt a variety of problem solving strategies to solve routine and non- routine problems; -Experience classroom environment which are challenging, interesting and meaningful and hence improve their thinking skills. Experience classroom environments where knowledge and skills are applied in meaningful ways in solving real-life problems -Experience classroom environments where expressing ones mathematical thinking reasoning and communication are highly encouraged and expected -Experience classroom environment that stimulates and enhances effective learning.Acquire effective mathematical communication through oral and writing; and to use the language of mathematics to express mathematical ideas correctly and precisely -Enhance acquisition of mathematical knowledge and skills through problem-solving -Prepare ourselves for the demand of our future undertakings and in workplace -Realizes that mathematics is an important and powerful tool in solving real-life problems hence develop positive att itude towards mathematics. Train ourselves not only to be independent learners but also to collaborate, doctorate, and to share knowledge in an engaging and healthy environment Use technology especially the CIT appropriately and effectively -Train ourselves to appreciate the intrinsic values of mathematics and to become imperative and innovative -Realize the importance and the beauty of mathematics Part 1 Index numbers 1) An index number is a number that can be used to show changes in magnitude of a quantity over a specific period of time. ) The specific period over which the changes occurred is called the base time. The base usually equals to 100 and thus the index number is usually expressed as a percentage, but the % sign is not usually written. 3) The formula for calculating index of a quantity, I is: Index number, IQ x 100 CO where CO = quantity at base time, IQ = quantity at a specific time. 4) If the index number is 125, it indicates that there is a +25 points or 25% rise of the quantity from base time to the specific time. ) Conversely, if the index number is 97, it indicates that there is a -3 points or 3% fall of the quantity from base time to the specific time. U. S Consumer Price Index – Food and Beverage (it) Weight Weight is common word used in Asia. The meaning for weight is a weighting factor assigned to compensate for perceived advantage or a weight factor or ratio; eight. Weight can also be defined as the importance or value when compared with another thing An example for its usage is: â€Å"The admission holds 80% weight while the interview holds 20% weight of the admission process†.In a nutshell, weight can also be said as stake. Composite Index Composite index is a grouping of equities, indexes and other factors combined in a standardized way, providing a useful statistical measure of overall market or sector performance over time. 1) Unlike index number the index numbers and involves two or more quantities. 2) The weight is the alee or quantity assigned to each item. This terms provide the importance or significance of each quantity. ) The formula of composite index is: Composite index, where = index number for item , = the corresponding weight for item Composite index can also be defined as a group of indices combined to measure the overall price of an item over a period of time. For instance, we can take a look at the price of root canal in the year 2013 based on the year 2010. A composite index may also be used in the natural or social sciences to summarize complex or multidimensional data or redundant measures.Usually, a composite index has a large number of factors which are averaged together to form a product representative of an overall market or sector. For example, the Nasdaq Composite index is a market capitalization-weighted grouping of approximately 5,000 stocks listed on the Nasdaq market. These indexes are useful tools for measuring and tracking price level changes to an entire stock mark et or sector. Therefore, they provide a useful benchmark against which to measure an investor's portfolio. The goal of a well-diversified portfolio is usually to outperform the main composite indexes (b) .Ways of Weight Representations Weight in a set of data can be represented in certain ways. 2) Pie 3) Percentage 4) Ratio part 2 1) Bar Chart We often hear complaints from the public about inflation. It causes an increase in the household expenditure in a family. So what is inflation and how does it affect us in our life? Basically, as citizens, we do get affected as it increases our household expenditure. With that, it will certainly cause problem to low-income families as their expenditure increase but at the same time, their monthly income remains the same.But on the other hand, the capitalists will sure benefit from this situation as they are owners of these large corporations which conduct these businesses. The parties who will be least affected are the middle-class people and the super-rich citizens, I. E. The millionaires. Technically, inflation is caused by the price increase of certain items from time to time. In this part we're going to make a case study on my family household expenditure to investigate this so called â€Å"inflation†

An integrated critique of kozols and dawkins Essay Example for Free

An integrated critique of kozols and dawkins Essay AN INTEGRATED CRITIQUE OF KOZOL’S AND DAWKIN INTRODUCTION Richard Dawkins was born on March 26, in 1941. He is an ethnologist, an evolutionarily biologists and a popular writer in science. He also holds the Simonyi Chair, which is designed to promote the understanding of science to public at Oxford University. The first time Dawkins come into the limelight and became popular was after writing his book ‘The Selfish Gene’ in 1976. This book introduced the term ‘meme’ and consequently helped discover memetics fields. It also made ‘gene-centered view of evolution’ popular. Around 1982, he made significant contributions toward evolution science. THE SELFISH GENE BY RICHARD DAWKINS Richard Dawkin’s ‘The selfish Gene’ was a very popular reading and to some extent controversial on evolution. The book elaborates and goes deeper to discuss more about the theory of William’s first ever book to write ‘Adaptation and Natural Selection’. The theory discussed on this book is principal to William’s book. Richard introduced, ‘Selfish Gene’ to provoke and express his views on gene’s evolution. This view states that evolution acts on genes and when we select some organisms or a population, this selection is normally based on the type of genes. According to his book, an organism must evolve since it is the only way of maximizing its ‘inclusive fitness’, which refers to the total number of the genes which are transmitted globally, rather than the genes passed on by a particular individual. Consequently, a population tends to learn towards ‘Evolutionarily Stable Strategy’. (Richard, 1990) This ‘selfish gene’ came up with the term ‘meme’. ‘Meme refers to a single unit of human’s culture evolution which is analogous to genes. It suggests that this is a ‘selfish’ replication of human genes, and it can affect the culture of human in a totally difference sense. There is no doubt that ‘memetics’ evoked a discussion of meme since he published his book. ‘Meme’ is cultural information units, which can be transferred from one mind to another. Examples of memes are tunes, clothes fashion, catch phrases, pot making or building arches. â€Å"Meme’ is properly defined in the theory of memetic, which is comprised of information on culture in a unit theory; how evolution of culture or diffusion is blocked, how it propagates form mind to mind and the way a gene propagates from one person or from an organism to an organism. Where memes are multiple, they propagate as â€Å"memeplexes’. Meme complexes act as cooperative groups. (Richard, 1990) A ‘gene’ on the other hand, is a region that can be located and has a sequence called ‘genomic sequence. This corresponds to an inheritance unit that is closely associated with regions that play a regulatory function, the regions, which are transcribed, and other regions with functional sequence. The phenotype and physical development of organisms is believed to be productivity of genes, which interact among themselves and with their environment. Genes are generally inheritance units. A gene generally defines human or organism’s characteristic and the functionality of potential products. Genes do not define products but rather they contain regions. Eukaryotic organisms contain regions, which do not have coding regions and are called introns. These are taken away from RNA, which acts as the messenger in a process referred to as ‘splicing’. Exons are regions, which encode the products of gene. A total number of genes, which make a set, is called ‘genome’. The genome size of an organism is usually low in prokaryotes, which come in base pairs and the gene’s numbers. The theorists of meme state that meme evolve through natural selection, this is similar to biological evolution of Darwin through competition, inheritance, variation and mutation. THE ROLE OF CULTURAL EVOLUTION Cultural evolution and socio-evolution fall under the umbrella called ‘socio-cultural evolution’. It describes how societies and cultures have come into being over time. Cultural theories provide us with models to enhance our understanding on the relationship between our social structure, technologies and society values; and give reasons why and how they change gradually. They change to a degree to which specific mechanisms of social change are described. (Richard 1990) Around 20th and 19th century, there were approaches, which were aimed to give models for humankind evolution. The argument is that the social development of different societies is not in the same stage. The recent approaches of the 20th century emphasize on changes, which are specific to a society as an individual and turn down social progress and directional change. Archeologists and anthropologists use modern theories as the framework of socio-cultural evolution. Sociobiology and neo-evolutionism are some of modern approaches employed to cultural evolution. Richard Dawkins, the ethnologist discovered ‘meme’. According to his book, â€Å"TheSelfish Gene’ 1976, likened human’s cultural evolution unit to a gene. His argument was that replication happens in the culture, through in a different sense. Dawkins contends that meme, which resides in the brain represents units of information and it is the replicator that controls mutation in cultural evolution of humans. This forms a pattern, which has the power to influence surroundings, that is, it can propagate and possesses causal agency. However, his theory caused a heated debate among biologists, sociologists and scientists from other disciplines. Dawkins failed to given adequate explanation about the information units replicates, in organism’s brain, how it can control the behaviour of a human being and finally culture. It is apparent that it was not Dawkins intention to give the theory of memetics. Comprehensively in the selfish gene, he coined the word meme in a kind of speculative spirit. In the same sense, ‘unit of information was given different definitions by different scientists. (Richard 1990). MEME AND EDUCATION It is not entirely impossible though it is hard to debate the subject matter of the functions of emotions in education system if we are lacking the right words to sufficiently discuss the topic. This is the scenario when we reach a point of discussing the functional role of ‘emotional intelligence’ because it has got to do with the needs of our younger brothers and sisters as well as great grandchildren and become stochastically and mathematically proficient so as they can exist and fit in the competition which is characterized by technological advancement. Many educators are failing because they lack words such as ‘eipiphiny’ and ‘mehme’ and hence do not have words, which play an important role of ‘emotional intelligence,’ and how it relates to stochastic and mathematical literacy sufficiently and appropriately address attempts that can be made. The outcome is a system of education that is believed to be failing. If the kids can experience and feel eipiphinies and MEHMES, kids will definitely love maths, and see its relevance to their lives daily. It also contributes a feeling of self-confident. The key here is to create the terms mehme and eipiphiny. Introduction of mehme and eipiphiny may have a positive effect if incorporated in the meme selection process. An integrated critique of kozols and dawkins. (2017, Apr 30).